Aug 5, 2022 · 169 Five-Minute Topics for a Killer Speech or Presentation. Jim Peterson has over 20 years experience on speech writing. He wrote over 300 free speech topic ideas and how-to guides for any kind of public speaking and speech writing assignments at My Speech Class. There are pros and cons to giving a 5-minute presentation. About Press Copyright Contact us Creators Advertise Developers Terms Privacy Policy & Safety How YouTube works Test new features NFL Sunday Ticket Press Copyright ... 1. Before you create the actual outline for your speech, you need to decide on your topic of interest. This will help you brainstorm on key points that you would want to emphasize in your speech. You may also like dedication speech examples. 2. Next, it would be necessary to arrange these points in a certain manner.3. Results. Table 1 shows the participants’ characteristics. Table 2, Table 3 present a comparison among the five intervention groups using one-way ANOVA and multiple comparisons when including all prefectures and only participants who lived in the specified warning prefectures, respectively. More significant differences between intervention ...Jun 25, 2020 · Night school is better than day school. Technical training is better than a college degree. Immigration laws should be more lenient. Students should be able to choose their schools. Everyone should learn to play a musical instrument. Grass lawns should be prohibited. Sharks should be protected. 272 words. 3 minutes long. Yet, the Gettysburg Address is unarguably one of the greatest pieces of rhetoric in American history. Dr. J Rufus Fears (one of the great modern orators) argues that the Gettysburg Address, along with the Constitution and the Declaration of Independence, form the three founding documents of American freedom.If you are about to make an impromptu speech and have a few minutes to prepare, follow these two tips: 1. Make some quick notes. The first thing you should do when asked to speak is to grab a pen and a piece of paper (or napkin - whatever you can find to write on). Jot down a few initial ideas, or even just a few words that you can expand upon ... ii. EXAMPLE 2- Support for reason given above. iii. EXAMPLE 3 - Support for reason given above. (TRANSITION SENTENCE: Smoothly connect Reason 2with 3.) C. Reason 3: (This should be your STRONGEST argument. Tell listeners the most important reason why they should act or think the way you want them to.) i. EXAMPLE 1 - Support for reason given above.Details. File Format. PDF. Size: 102 KB. Download. Persuasive speech deals with bringing about a point or matter of discussion in front of the readers or listeners. It helps in the high functioning of a mind. Informative Speech Examples as the word suggest are highly informative as it regards a greater issue and is surely food for thought.1. An example of these types of distractions are talking on a cellphone while driving and talking to a passenger in the car. B. There are 3 types of dangers while not being cognitive in the car 1. Mild Danger- Listening to the radio or audio book. 3. Address the counter-argument. Although it is not strictly necessary, your argument may be stronger if one or more of your supporting points addresses the views of the opposing side. This gives you a chance to address your audience's possible objections and make your argument stronger.How to write a five-minute speech. Here are the steps you can follow to prepare and deliver a short speech: 1. Prepare. Short speeches require preparation because you have to condense your information into only the most useful points. The first step in preparing a brief speech is to determine the purpose of your talk.2 Minute Speech On Gratitude. Reputable Principal, respected teachers and my dear friends! First of all, I would like to welcome all of you and also thank you all for having me a chance to deliver a speech on gratitude. “ Gratitude ” refers to the attitude of appreciation and thankfulness for the good that we receive in life.One of the most powerful speeches of recent times, Barack Obama’s election victory speech in 2008 marked a historic moment that brought hope, promised change and responsibility, in the anticipation of a better future. 5. Martin Luther King’s ‘I Have a Dream’ Speech, 1963. On 28th August 1963, Martin Luther King delivered one of the most ...A speech template serves as a guide to simplify speech writing. It does not contain the word-for-word details of the speech outline its basic parts. Common speech examples contain these three essential parts: Introduction – It often starts with a quote, a question, or a story. Body – This is where the topic’s main points are thoroughly ...3 minute persuasive speech examples Rating: 6,7/10 1952 reviews A persuasive speech is a type of public speaking that aims to convince the audience to adopt a particular point of view or take a specific action.3 minute persuasive speech examples. (Bring this evaluation form to your instructor on the day of your speech) - mesacc. 2012 2013 FAC SAP - Franklin University - franklin. 6252 Telegraph Road Commerce, CA 90040 Phone: (323) 2015500 Fax: (323) 2015556 VENDOR REGISTRATION FORM Vendor is solely responsible for providing accurate and uptodate ...Examples of Persuasive Speech: 1. A teenager attempting to convince her parents that she needs to be able to stay out until 11pm instead of 10pm. 2. A student council president trying to convince school administrators to allow the students to have a dance after the final football game of the season. 3. to draw your attention for a few minutes to share with you how important this day is to all of us. I was asked by FHR to do a motivational speech and asked myself why, because I didn’t graduate with a distinction, I had an overall score of 7.6; and saw my name only once on the grades cup (that’s a cup where you get your Susan says: *[3] Most people use (or have used) plastic water bottles. The speaker knows this and thus uses this example to make another connection with the audience. The speaker even goes one step further by mentioning the effects of pollution on seafood at a local restaurant.3 minute persuasive speech examples Name: PHY2061 121405 Exam 3 Closed book exam - phys ufl Name: phy2061 121405 exam 3 closed book exam. a calculator is allowed, as is one 8.511 sheet of paper with your own written notes. please show all work leading to your answer to receive full credit. numerical answers should be calculated to 2...By using these speech examples as an outline, you’ll have a fully formed presentation in no time! We also have this page with gun control speech examples, in case you’d like to see different examples on the same topic. Persuasive Speeches. Birth Control Persuasive Speech; We should stand up for our gun rights; The truth about gun controlAbout Press Copyright Contact us Creators Advertise Developers Terms Privacy Policy & Safety How YouTube works Test new features NFL Sunday Ticket Press Copyright ... 150 one minute speech topics. You'll find 150 1 minute speech topics, split into 3 groups: 50 one minute speech topics for children from middle school age and up. 50 business/work/career themed 1 minute speech topics more suitable for adults. 50 fun/nonsensical/absurd one minute speech topics for adults. But wait, there's more!150 one minute speech topics. You'll find 150 1 minute speech topics, split into 3 groups: 50 one minute speech topics for children from middle school age and up. 50 business/work/career themed 1 minute speech topics more suitable for adults. 50 fun/nonsensical/absurd one minute speech topics for adults. But wait, there's more! 3 Minute Speech on Friendship. Good Morning to one and all present here. I am going to present a speech about friendship. Friendship is one of the treasures that anyone can possess. God gave us the right to choose friends because they will be with us forever. Our parents and siblings are loving us as they are our own blood.We have gathered a few persuasive essay examples for students to help get the ball rolling. Check them out below and get the inspiration. Persuasive Essay Examples Middle School. Persuasive Essay Examples 6th-Grade PDF. The following are examples of persuasive essays for high school students. Take a look at this example and get ideas from them ...May 12, 2016 · Persuasive Speech Example. There are many types of bullying in persuasive topics ideas. Being hit, kicked, pinched or trapped is called physical bullying. Verbal bullying is being called names, teased and put downs. Social bullying is being ignored, having rumours spread about you, or telling lies about you. Jun 19, 2020 · Here’re 2 Versions (Mandela’s perspective and historical perspective) of 2-3 minutes award-winning persuasive speech on poverty. Explore poverty definition, causes, outcomes, ways to eliminate it, and the advantages of poverty with examples from history. 150 one minute speech topics. You'll find 150 1 minute speech topics, split into 3 groups: 50 one minute speech topics for children from middle school age and up. 50 business/work/career themed 1 minute speech topics more suitable for adults. 50 fun/nonsensical/absurd one minute speech topics for adults. But wait, there's more!2 Minute Speech Topics: 4 Illustrations. Speech: Cons of the War in Iraq. Main Point I. Too many American troops and Iraqi civilians are killed. Time to build up the country with the help of the locals. II. The final cost of the combats are sky high and we are not able to collect those billions of dollars back.Women Empowerment Speech. Hello everyone, I am here to present women empowerment speech. Indian culture gives women the utmost respect. Many of our gods are female and they have been worshipped as a deity by many faithful people. The goddess of wealth is Laxmi, the goddess of power and strength is Durga and the goddess of wisdom is Saraswati.For a three-minute speech, choose no more than five main points. Write three to five short items that support each of your main points. Number them. Using capital letters may help differentiate them from your main points at a glance. Write as much of your speech word-for-word as you believe you will need, inserting the sentences within the outline.By using these speech examples as an outline, you’ll have a fully formed presentation in no time! We also have this page with gun control speech examples, in case you’d like to see different examples on the same topic. Persuasive Speeches. Birth Control Persuasive Speech; We should stand up for our gun rights; The truth about gun controlWomen Empowerment Speech. Hello everyone, I am here to present women empowerment speech. Indian culture gives women the utmost respect. Many of our gods are female and they have been worshipped as a deity by many faithful people. The goddess of wealth is Laxmi, the goddess of power and strength is Durga and the goddess of wisdom is Saraswati.1. Before you create the actual outline for your speech, you need to decide on your topic of interest. This will help you brainstorm on key points that you would want to emphasize in your speech. You may also like dedication speech examples. 2. Next, it would be necessary to arrange these points in a certain manner.Maid of honor speeches: 3 examples, including one for a sister. One minute speeches. Persuasive speech sample. Retirement speech sample. : example of Presidential campaign speech. : an award acceptance speech example. : a commemorative speech example. Welcome speech examples: to an event, to a church, to a family.Short One Minute Speech on Life is a Gift. In short, life is the most precious gift that God has given to us, and it’s up to us how we wish to use it. It’s either up to us or it’s down to us based on our actions. As such, it’s a very relevant topic to discuss in school, college, the workplace or in public.Aug 24, 2020 · 272 words. 3 minutes long. Yet, the Gettysburg Address is unarguably one of the greatest pieces of rhetoric in American history. Dr. J Rufus Fears (one of the great modern orators) argues that the Gettysburg Address, along with the Constitution and the Declaration of Independence, form the three founding documents of American freedom. Informative Speeches: an informative speech from the name itself, gives your readers or audience information that they need. Thank you Speeches: thank you speeches are used to simply thank an individual or a group of individuals for either coming to an event or to show gratitude to someone for the help they have shown you. Short persuasive speech to students. Persuasive for a diverse audience. Short speech for an argumentative speech. Short Memorizable speech for a proposal. Memorized acceptance speech. Short acceptance speech with commentary. Short Goodwill speech. Short memorized speech for a funeral. Short Farewell Speech after leaving a place or position.Feb 17, 2023 · Easy Persuasive Speech Topics: 285 Simple Ideas for 2023. A persuasive speech on any topic is a performance designed to convince people about something and prove your point. Choosing a suitable topic is crucial for your speech’s success. Our specialists will write a custom essay on any topic for 13.00 10.40/page. Examples of Persuasive Speeches – PDF. June 4, 1940; the day when Prime Minister Winston Churchill spoke before the House of Commons, and gave a report that celebrated the safe rescue of their troops that were stranded on the beach of Dunkirk while also seeking to raise a point on Britain not negotiating peace terms with the monster Adolf ...How to Write a Persuasive Speech. When you write a persuasive essay or a persuasive charity speech make sure that it is both factual and informative. Here are the steps to write one. There are different disciplines in writing speech outline. Here are the tips to write a good persuasive speech. Step 1: Begin with a Strong Opening Statement Easy Persuasive Speech Topics: 285 Simple Ideas for 2023. A persuasive speech on any topic is a performance designed to convince people about something and prove your point. Choosing a suitable topic is crucial for your speech’s success. Our specialists will write a custom essay on any topic for 13.00 10.40/page.Short persuasive speech to students. Persuasive for a diverse audience. Short speech for an argumentative speech. Short Memorizable speech for a proposal. Memorized acceptance speech. Short acceptance speech with commentary. Short Goodwill speech. Short memorized speech for a funeral. Short Farewell Speech after leaving a place or position. This Blog Includes: List of Best English Speech Topics for Students. 1-minute Speech Topics. 2-Minute Speech Topics. Easy Topics for Speech in English. English Speech Topics on Environment. English Speech Topics on Technology. English Speech Topics on Independence Day. English Speech Topics on Diwali.About Press Copyright Contact us Creators Advertise Developers Terms Privacy Policy & Safety How YouTube works Test new features Press Copyright Contact us Creators ... 150 one minute speech topics. You'll find 150 1 minute speech topics, split into 3 groups: 50 one minute speech topics for children from middle school age and up. 50 business/work/career themed 1 minute speech topics more suitable for adults. 50 fun/nonsensical/absurd one minute speech topics for adults. But wait, there's more!A five-minute speech should cover a niche topic or a high-level concept. A thirty-minute to an hour-long presentation can teach about a more detailed topic. Where: If you’re giving a speech in a meeting room at an office, your performance will likely be very different from speaking on stage in a large auditorium.Examples of Persuasive Speeches – PDF. June 4, 1940; the day when Prime Minister Winston Churchill spoke before the House of Commons, and gave a report that celebrated the safe rescue of their troops that were stranded on the beach of Dunkirk while also seeking to raise a point on Britain not negotiating peace terms with the monster Adolf ... Example of a Valedictorian Speech. Sample High School Graduation Speech to Inspire You. Free Farewell Speech - Say Goodbye With Style! Sample Informative Speech on Caffeine and its Effects. Welcome Speech for An Event. Persuasive Speech Sample - Cell Phone Use While Driving. Sample Retirement Speech Given to a Retiree.Jan 5, 2023 · We have gathered a few persuasive essay examples for students to help get the ball rolling. Check them out below and get the inspiration. Persuasive Essay Examples Middle School. Persuasive Essay Examples 6th-Grade PDF. The following are examples of persuasive essays for high school students. Take a look at this example and get ideas from them ... 1. Walking for 20 minutes at a moderate pace 3 - 4 times a week is good for our physical and mental health. (factual example - Ullman 9) 2. Walking is an inexpensive form of exercise that requires no training. B. Regular walking can reduce our risk for heart disease. 1. A 1994 article in Prevention reported that walking can curtail our risk for ...Construction of well reasoned arguments, i.e., specific claims supported by appropriate evidence (including documented examples, statistics, expert testimony) Evidence of speech research skills: A . minimum of 3 . current and credible research sources must be orally cited in the speech. A well researched speech might have 5 or more research ...Examples of Persuasive Speeches – PDF. June 4, 1940; the day when Prime Minister Winston Churchill spoke before the House of Commons, and gave a report that celebrated the safe rescue of their troops that were stranded on the beach of Dunkirk while also seeking to raise a point on Britain not negotiating peace terms with the monster Adolf ... The purpose of a persuasive speech is to convince your audience to agree with an idea or opinion that you present. First, you'll need to choose a side on a controversial topic, then you will write a speech to explain your position, and convince the audience to agree with you. You can produce an effective persuasive speech if you structure your ...How to write a five-minute speech. Here are the steps you can follow to prepare and deliver a short speech: 1. Prepare. Short speeches require preparation because you have to condense your information into only the most useful points. The first step in preparing a brief speech is to determine the purpose of your talk.In this article, there are many examples of speech on peer pressure of 1, 2 and 3 minutes in duration. It will also help you understand a short and simple definition, the types, and the purpose of peer pressure. This will help you write a good speech. 1 Minute Speech On Peer Pressure. Hello and welcome all of you gathered here.3-minute speeches for students. 1. Hobbies. Everyone has interests, and everyone enjoys discussing them. You know, hobbies could also be passions. Simple inquiries to pose include: 2. Music. 3. Motivation. 4. Goals. 5. Dreams.About Press Copyright Contact us Creators Advertise Developers Terms Privacy Policy & Safety How YouTube works Test new features NFL Sunday Ticket Press Copyright ...Details. File Format. PDF. Size: 102 KB. Download. Persuasive speech deals with bringing about a point or matter of discussion in front of the readers or listeners. It helps in the high functioning of a mind. Informative Speech Examples as the word suggest are highly informative as it regards a greater issue and is surely food for thought.112 Engaging Persuasive Speech Topics. Tips for Preparing Your Persuasive Speech. Writing a stellar persuasive speech requires a carefully crafted argument that will resonate with your audience to sway them to your side. This feat can be challenging to accomplish, but an engaging, thought-provoking speech topic is an excellent place to start.Sample Persuasive Speech on Why Discrimination Will Always Exist. Our society is developing and continuously improving. That is what we hear all the time from TV screens and front pages of the newspapers. Undoubtedly, there are problems, but we are becoming more socially oriented, tolerant, and culturally diverse.1963 “I Have a Dream” speech. The Reverend Martin Luther King, Jr. ‘s “I Have a Dream” speech, delivered on August 28, 1963, is one of the finest pieces of oratory in human history. It ...150 one minute speech topics. You'll find 150 1 minute speech topics, split into 3 groups: 50 one minute speech topics for children from middle school age and up. 50 business/work/career themed 1 minute speech topics more suitable for adults. 50 fun/nonsensical/absurd one minute speech topics for adults. But wait, there's more!Short Persuasive Speech; With around 3 minutes, short persuasive speeches need to begin with a strong attention grabber. Next, speakers should craft a cohesive outline of the main points they intend to talk about. Irrefutable logic, powerful rhetoric, striking facts, and intelligent & coherent presentation are essentials. Motivational ...2. Articulation. Another component for speech which is equally important is our ability to articulate or control our voice. Meaning how we make the sound of something. Proper articulation also effective leadership speech or oral communications. 3. Fluency. This component of speech is largely an effect of practice in speech.Jun 9, 2023 · Here are some tips to help you finish your persuasive speech in the best quality: 1. Create an Outline. The best way to make sure that your essays and papers are written perfectly is to work following outlines. An outline serves as the frame that you can check against while working on your persuasive speech. 150 one minute speech topics. You'll find 150 1 minute speech topics, split into 3 groups: 50 one minute speech topics for children from middle school age and up. 50 business/work/career themed 1 minute speech topics more suitable for adults. 50 fun/nonsensical/absurd one minute speech topics for adults. But wait, there's more!1. Delivering Your Own Student Council Speech. Speak slowly. Never, ever rush your campaign speech. If you do so, you might end up not making sense at all. Even when your content is top-notch, but if your delivery and speaking skills are not really good enough, it will not mean a thing, especially to your audience. About Press Copyright Contact us Creators Advertise Developers Terms Privacy Policy & Safety How YouTube works Test new features NFL Sunday Ticket Press Copyright ...A speech template serves as a guide to simplify speech writing. It does not contain the word-for-word details of the speech outline its basic parts. Common speech examples contain these three essential parts: Introduction – It often starts with a quote, a question, or a story. Body – This is where the topic’s main points are thoroughly ... Click here to view our wide range of Persuasive Speeches – downloadable instantly. Our persuasive speech examples show clearly just how you can get your persuasive message across. That is they sum up a particular viewpoint and give good reasons why something should be believed or achieved. Naturally there are thousands of different reasons ... Short One Minute Speech on Life is a Gift. In short, life is the most precious gift that God has given to us, and it’s up to us how we wish to use it. It’s either up to us or it’s down to us based on our actions. As such, it’s a very relevant topic to discuss in school, college, the workplace or in public.5. Make an outline. Write as much of your speech as you think you’ll need to, word for word, then enter the phrases inside the outline. You’ll be able to write your speech more quickly the less you include. However, this also requires that you feel at ease structuring logical phrases and thoughts just before speaking.If you are about to make an impromptu speech and have a few minutes to prepare, follow these two tips: 1. Make some quick notes. The first thing you should do when asked to speak is to grab a pen and a piece of paper (or napkin - whatever you can find to write on). Jot down a few initial ideas, or even just a few words that you can expand upon ... Click here to view our wide range of Persuasive Speeches – downloadable instantly. Our persuasive speech examples show clearly just how you can get your persuasive message across. That is they sum up a particular viewpoint and give good reasons why something should be believed or achieved. Naturally there are thousands of different reasons ...How to write a five-minute speech. Here are the steps you can follow to prepare and deliver a short speech: 1. Prepare. Short speeches require preparation because you have to condense your information into only the most useful points. The first step in preparing a brief speech is to determine the purpose of your talk.
By using these speech examples as an outline, you’ll have a fully formed presentation in no time! We also have this page with gun control speech examples, in case you’d like to see different examples on the same topic. Persuasive Speeches. Birth Control Persuasive Speech; We should stand up for our gun rights; The truth about gun control. Richmond water heater pilot light won
272 words. 3 minutes long. Yet, the Gettysburg Address is unarguably one of the greatest pieces of rhetoric in American history. Dr. J Rufus Fears (one of the great modern orators) argues that the Gettysburg Address, along with the Constitution and the Declaration of Independence, form the three founding documents of American freedom.2013 Student Graduation Speech. Good morning family, friends, faculty, and fellow graduates. Well, we did it. We all accomplished one of the major early milestones of our lives: high school graduation. This is a major step in the journey of our lives, one that should be recognized for its immense significance.3 minute persuasive speech examples - Page 3. Name: PHY2061 121405 Exam 3 Closed book exam - phys ufl. North Central High School Doc Miller MEd Instructor. Northern Virginia Community College Time and Attendance Form - nvcc. P10022 Transcutaneous Signal Transmission for LVAD - Edge - edge rit. 150 one minute speech topics. You'll find 150 1 minute speech topics, split into 3 groups: 50 one minute speech topics for children from middle school age and up. 50 business/work/career themed 1 minute speech topics more suitable for adults. 50 fun/nonsensical/absurd one minute speech topics for adults. But wait, there's more!2 Good Persuasive Speech Examples to Inspire You. In the two speeches below, I’ve included comments on what makes these examples good. I’ve also made note of a few places where the speaker may improve. TAKE NOTE: Both of these speeches cite sources. If you’re required to turn in your outline or a copy of your speech, check with your ... By using these speech examples as an outline, you’ll have a fully formed presentation in no time! We also have this page with gun control speech examples, in case you’d like to see different examples on the same topic. Persuasive Speeches. Birth Control Persuasive Speech; We should stand up for our gun rights; The truth about gun controlDec 12, 2018 · Below you can find several examples that will help you in the persuasive speech writing process. Get help from these examples and save yourself time. Famous Persuasive Speech Examples (PDF) Policy Persuasive Speech Examples (PDF) How to Start a Persuasive Speech Examples Social media has also created opportunities for people such as to show their talent. It is also great for advertisements. But despite being so many benefits, it has been criticized. It has disadvantages too. It is also considered as one of the harmful elements of society. The oversharing on social media can be dangerous. It can attack our privacy.Jun 19, 2020 · Here’re 2 Versions (Mandela’s perspective and historical perspective) of 2-3 minutes award-winning persuasive speech on poverty. Explore poverty definition, causes, outcomes, ways to eliminate it, and the advantages of poverty with examples from history. All school children should wear a uniform. Exams give little indication of a student's real ability. Advertising in schools should be banned. Homeschooling is better than traditional education. Schools should ban soda. Schools should not serve French fries. Single-sex schools are better than mixed/co-ed. ii. EXAMPLE 2- Support for reason given above. iii. EXAMPLE 3 - Support for reason given above. (TRANSITION SENTENCE: Smoothly connect Reason 2with 3.) C. Reason 3: (This should be your STRONGEST argument. Tell listeners the most important reason why they should act or think the way you want them to.) i. EXAMPLE 1 - Support for reason given above.Here are three examples of persuasive speeches that could be delivered in three minutes or less: In this speech, the speaker could argue that preserving the natural environment is crucial for the long-term health and prosperity of humanity. They could use statistics and examples to demonstrate the negative impacts of pollution, deforestation ...Add emotional connections with your audience. Make your argument more powerful by appealing to your audience’s sense of nostalgia and common beliefs. Another tactic (which marketers use all the time) is to appeal to your listeners’ fears and rely on their instincts for self-preservation. Address counterarguments.Oct 4, 2018 · Persuasive speech topics. Lots of timely persuasive topics can be found using social media, the radio, TV and newspapers. We have compiled a list of 75 persuasive speech topic ideas covering a wide range of categories. Some of the topics also fall into other categories and we have posed the topics as questions so they can be easily adapted into ... 3-minute speeches for students. 1. Hobbies. Everyone has interests, and everyone enjoys discussing them. You know, hobbies could also be passions. Simple inquiries to pose include: 2. Music. 3. Motivation. 4. Goals. 5. Dreams.3 minute persuasive speech examples. (Bring this evaluation form to your instructor on the day of your speech) - mesacc. 2012 2013 FAC SAP - Franklin University - franklin. 6252 Telegraph Road Commerce, CA 90040 Phone: (323) 2015500 Fax: (323) 2015556 VENDOR REGISTRATION FORM Vendor is solely responsible for providing accurate and uptodate ...Jan 5, 2023 · We have gathered a few persuasive essay examples for students to help get the ball rolling. Check them out below and get the inspiration. Persuasive Essay Examples Middle School. Persuasive Essay Examples 6th-Grade PDF. The following are examples of persuasive essays for high school students. Take a look at this example and get ideas from them ... .
