2024 Long term effects of breast implants

Reasons for breast implant removal or replacement. There are several different complications that can affect how long breast implants last and when you need to replace your implants. These can include: Breast Hardening or Capsular Contracture: This occurs when scar tissue hardens around one or both implants. This scar tissue can cause tightness .... Unblocked papapercent27s cheeseria

Nexplanon (etonogestrel implant) is a long-term, reversible birth control for women. It is a contraceptive implant that is a flexible, thin plastic rod that is about the length of a matchstick (4cm by 2mm), which is placed under the skin on the inner side of the upper arm by your doctor or other healthcare provider.Jan 22, 2016 · Answer: Long term effects of 500cc implants. Hello, insertion of any implant is associated with risks, but insertion of implants that are disproportionately large has additional risks of rippling, sagging, numbness, and other problems. Your surgeon will be able to advise you whether they feel your implant choice is optimal for your body type. Redness. Changes in breast or nipple sensation. Implant rupture or leak. Infection. Scarring. Some side effects can last well beyond the healing process. For example, long-term risks of breast implants include: Rupture or deflation: Both saline and silicone gel implants can undergo rupture and deflation. This occurs when a puncture appears in ...Background: Vestibular dysfunction is likely the most common complication to cochlear implantation (CI) and may, in rare cases, result in persistent severe vertigo. Literature on long-term vestibular outcomes is scarce.Objective: This paper aims to evaluate vestibular dysfunction before and after cochlear implantation, the long-term vestibular outcomes, and follows up on previous findings of ... Aug 21, 2018 · One of the most common side effects of the implant is irregular menstrual bleeding, and this is the main reason for early discontinuation of the implant. 2 In fact, less than a quarter of people using the implant will continue to have regular periods. 3. This change is due to the altered hormone levels in your body with the implant. Aug 21, 2018 · One of the most common side effects of the implant is irregular menstrual bleeding, and this is the main reason for early discontinuation of the implant. 2 In fact, less than a quarter of people using the implant will continue to have regular periods. 3. This change is due to the altered hormone levels in your body with the implant. Oct 28, 2021 · Post-approval Study Updates: IDEAL IMPLANT Structured Saline Breast Implants, Sientra OPUS Silicone Gel Breast Implants, Mentor MemoryGel Silicone Gel-Filled and MemoryShape Breast Implants ... This study provides long-term results of augmentation mammoplasty by a single surgeon (G.P.G.) evaluating available options and reasonable expectations after explantation. Although most of the augmentation patients have a good outcome, some require removal of implants for a variety of reasons and lo … Aug 14, 2018 · In this article, we look at the short-term and long-term side effects and risks of hormonal birth control. Health Conditions. ... The implant protects from pregnancy for up to 4 years. The dreadful complications of paraffin injections (1899 to 1914) were repeated many times over the next 30 years, with the huge plethora of materials that were used for breast augmentation. During the 1940s and 1950s, a half-century after the paraffin saga, history repeated itself again with silicone injections.Generally, long-term effects can be divided into physical health concerns and psychological/emotional concerns. For physical health concerns, there is a risk of some long-term health problems with breast implants, such as hardening of the implant, rupture, capsular contracture, wrinkling and changes to the sensation of the breast.May 25, 2023 · This process is called osseointegration, and it is crucial to the long-term success of the implant. This process can take many months. ... Side effects of dental metal implants: Impact on human ... These risks include. the potential need for additional surgeries. anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) systemic symptoms, commonly referred to as breast implant illness. the development of scar tissue that compresses the implant. breast pain. implant rupture or deflation. infection. The longer you have implants, the higher the chances that you ...Oct 27, 2017 · The reality is that breast implants are not considered to be "lifetime devices," but they are designed to be long lasting and safe. Patients can expect today's implants—the products of decades of research into stronger shells and more stable fillers—to last more than a decade, with the chance of rupture increasing about one percent each year. The team found that women with silicone implants had a higher risk of rare adverse outcomes, including sclerodermia, rheumatoid arthritis, and Sjogren’s syndrome. The risk of developing these...A study done by researchers at the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center suggests that silicone breast implants are associated with a higher risk of certain autoimmune disorders, as well as stillbirth and melanoma. Still, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) criticized the study and issued a statement disagreeing with the results ...A meeting reveals problems. The FDA changes were prompted by a panel of surgeons, scientists, women, and advocacy groups convened in the spring of 2019. Immediately following the meeting, the FDA moved to ban the sale of textured breast implants, which were linked to an elevated risk of a rare cancer called anaplastic large-cell lymphoma.Oct 30, 2021 · A mastectomy is surgery to remove all breast tissue from a breast as a way to treat or prevent breast cancer. For those with early-stage breast cancer, a mastectomy may be one treatment option. Breast-conserving surgery (lumpectomy), in which only the tumor is removed from the breast, may be another option. Nov 28, 2018 · The health risks of breast implants. The team found that women with silicone implants had a higher risk of experiencing rare adverse outcomes, including sclerodermia, rheumatoid arthritis, and Sjogren’s syndrome. The risk of developing these conditions was around six to eight times higher than in the rest of the population, moreover, silicone ... Breast implants are artificial devices (prostheses) surgically inserted into your breasts. Breast implants are silicone shells filled with either silicone gel or saline (sterile salt water). Doctors called plastic surgeons insert breast implants. You may choose to receive breast implants following the loss of a breast to cancer.As of January 2017, two lawsuits had been filed in California state and federal courts on behalf of MemoryGel recipients who allegedly suffered serious complications due to leaking breast implants, including: Hives, itching and skin rashes. Severe fatigue. Pain in breasts, chest, lymph nodes and/or ribs. Swollen lymph nodes.This can cause problems in the breast, including: Pain, soreness or swelling. Changes in size or shape. Lumps. Hardening. If you have silicone breast implants and suspect that an implant might have ruptured, talk to your plastic surgeon. An imaging test, such as an MRI or ultrasound, can show whether the implant has ruptured.Here are some long-term complications of a dental implant: Nerve or tissue damage may occur when a surgeon places an implant too close to a nerve. Signs of damage include numbness or tingling in ...INTRODUCTION. Since the temporary tissue expander was introduced by Radovan 1 in 1982, two-stage prosthetic breast reconstruction comprising initial insertion of a tissue expander followed by exchange to an implant after a period of inflation has become a well-established option of breast reconstruction either immediately after mastectomy or later. 2 Most of the current literature concentrates ...Results: Major complications occurred following cochlear implantation in 32 patients (8.7%) who had received their initial implant at TMU Hospital. Revision surgery was required for 30 patients. The mean age at implantation was 33 years 6 months (range, 1 year 9 months to 83 years; median, 37 years). The main etiology of deafness was unknown or ...The risk of failure for the latissimus dorsi flap is less than 1%, though that is higher if you have had prior radiation therapy. Loss of or changes to nipple and breast sensation. Problems at the donor site, including loss of muscle strength. Changes or problems to the arm on the same side as the reconstructed breast.Generally, long-term effects can be divided into physical health concerns and psychological/emotional concerns. For physical health concerns, there is a risk of some long-term health problems with breast implants, such as hardening of the implant, rupture, capsular contracture, wrinkling and changes to the sensation of the breast.Reasons for breast implant removal or replacement. There are several different complications that can affect how long breast implants last and when you need to replace your implants. These can include: Breast Hardening or Capsular Contracture: This occurs when scar tissue hardens around one or both implants. This scar tissue can cause tightness ...Infection Changes in nipple and breast feeling, which is often temporary Leaking or tearing More surgery, either to remove or replace the implants, might be needed for any of these issues. With certain breast implants there is a low risk of developing a type of cancer known as breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (BIA-ALCL). Breast Implants: Expectations vs. Reality. Breast augmentation-- breast implant surgery -- is the top cosmetic surgery performed today, according to the American Society of Plastic Surgeons. A ... However, for the long-term success of dental implantation, sustainable long-term performance after bone remodeling is crucial (Tolstunov, 2006). Osseointegration is critical for implant stability and is achieved within 3–6 months after implantation surgery by the turnover activity of the bone (Lin et al., 2009).Its main effects are inhibition of ovulation and thickening of the cervical mucus. Many complications have been associated with subcutaneous contraception, including menstrual disturbances, headache, weight gain, acne, dizziness, mood disturbances, nausea, lower abdominal pain, hair loss, loss of libido, pain at the implant site, neuropathy ...Aug 27, 2019 · Leaking silicone breast implants can cause health problems as well. ... Helling R, et al. (2012). Characterisation and migration properties of silicone materials during typical long-term ... A breast implant is usually required for the desired projection and size. May have complications in the back where the tissue was taken from. Muscle weakness in the back can affect rock climbers, swimmers and tennis players. We're here for you. Call us at 1-877-632-6789 or. request an appointment online.In summary, contrary to long-standing precepts that are largely based on the equivalence of the weight and volume of conventional silicone and saline breast implants, the breast implant's weight, rather than its volume, is the cause of many postoperative complications and side effects. Long-term stability of the augmented breast directly ...According to 2016 statistics from the American Society of Plastic Surgeons, the average butt implant surgeon’s fee was $4,860. The national average for augmentation with grafting was slightly ...Nexplanon (etonogestrel implant) is a long-term, reversible birth control for women. It is a contraceptive implant that is a flexible, thin plastic rod that is about the length of a matchstick (4cm by 2mm), which is placed under the skin on the inner side of the upper arm by your doctor or other healthcare provider.implant deflation and rupture. change in breast shape, volume, or sensation. thinning of your breast tissue and skin. calcium deposits. breast discomfort. nipple discharge. dropping or bottoming ...In 2005, Nicole Daruda received her cohesive gel implants and within two years had noticeable symptoms. In 2010, she left her job due to brain fog, and by 2012, she says, she was bedridden. Her symptoms included chronic fatigue, body aches and inflammation, thyroid issues, constant ringing in the ears, heart palpitations, digestive issues and ...Oct 24, 2022 · The side effects of brachytherapy are very similar to those of external beam radiation and include irritation to the bladder, irritation of the rectum resulting in more frequent urination, more frequent bowel movements, tiredness and long-term side effects including difficultly with erections. Before The Prostate Brachytherapy Procedure Other surgical side effects include infection around the implant, swelling and excessive bleeding. Other saline breast implant side effects include under or oversensitive nipples and often the nipples may feel completely numb. The implants also have the potential to break or to leak. Ruptures have occurred although these are typically the ...In 1987, the ASPS said the side effects could make it harder to screen for breast cancer. Side effects of autologous augmentation can include: Dense or hard lumps. Oil cysts, which are growths filled with liquid fat. Calcifications, which are bone-like specks. Infection.After having breast cancer surgery, some women have problems with nerve (neuropathic) pain in the chest wall, armpit, and/or arm that doesn’t go away over time. This is called post-mastectomy pain syndrome (PMPS) because it was first noticed in women who had mastectomies, but it can also happen after other types of breast-conserving surgery ...From the moment silicone compounds became available for implants in humans, long-term effects were of particular concern. It was recognized that subcutaneous implantation of silicone compounds in rodents would produce local tumors at the implantation site. Solid-state carcinogenesis had been discovered in the 1940s and was a well-known ... Generally, long-term effects can be divided into physical health concerns and psychological/emotional concerns. For physical health concerns, there is a risk of some long-term health problems with breast implants, such as hardening of the implant, rupture, capsular contracture, wrinkling and changes to the sensation of the breast.Oct 27, 2021 · In 2019, an F.D.A. panel heard from dozens of women who implored the agency to take action, with many describing debilitating symptoms generally referred to as breast implant illness. Mar 11, 2019 · Titanium is a commonly used inert bio-implant material within the medical and dental fields. Although the use of titanium is thought to be safe with a high success rate, in some cases, there are rare reports of problems caused by titanium. In most of these problematic reports, only individual reports are dominant and comprehensive reporting has ... In the largest study of long-term safety outcomes for patients with breast implants, researchers at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center have found that silicone implants are associated with some rare diseases, autoimmune disorders and other conditions; although a causative relationship has not been established. Results of the MD Anderson study are consistent with previously ...Both saline and silicone gel implants are FDA approved and widely considered to be safe, long-term options for dramatically enhancing a woman’s figure. While complications can result with either type of breast implant, they are relatively rare. Can you get breast implant illness with saline implants? Yes.Infection Changes in nipple and breast feeling, which is often temporary Leaking or tearing More surgery, either to remove or replace the implants, might be needed for any of these issues. With certain breast implants there is a low risk of developing a type of cancer known as breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (BIA-ALCL). The team found that women with silicone implants had a higher risk of rare adverse outcomes, including sclerodermia, rheumatoid arthritis, and Sjogren’s syndrome. The risk of developing these...Oct 30, 2021 · A mastectomy is surgery to remove all breast tissue from a breast as a way to treat or prevent breast cancer. For those with early-stage breast cancer, a mastectomy may be one treatment option. Breast-conserving surgery (lumpectomy), in which only the tumor is removed from the breast, may be another option. A post approval study on about 100,000 women who had breast implants has shown the long term effects of the procedure. The two most popular breast implants are the silicon gel and saline solution. The siliconeJul 29, 2022 · However, for the long-term success of dental implantation, sustainable long-term performance after bone remodeling is crucial (Tolstunov, 2006). Osseointegration is critical for implant stability and is achieved within 3–6 months after implantation surgery by the turnover activity of the bone (Lin et al., 2009). Weakness on 1 side of the body, trouble speaking or thinking, change in balance, drooping on one side of the face, or blurred eyesight. Depression or other mood changes. Eyesight changes or loss, bulging eyes, or change in how contact lenses feel. A lump in the breast, breast pain or soreness, or nipple discharge. Flu -like signs.This can cause problems in the breast, including: Pain, soreness or swelling. Changes in size or shape. Lumps. Hardening. If you have silicone breast implants and suspect that an implant might have ruptured, talk to your plastic surgeon. An imaging test, such as an MRI or ultrasound, can show whether the implant has ruptured.The epidemiological literature examining the possible association between silicone breast implants and breast cancer or rheumatological conditions or diseases is far greater today than it was when, in early 1992, FDA determined that the data were not adequate for the assessment of their safety. Breast augmentation, frequently achieved through the use of breast implants, has consistently remained one of the top five most popular plastic surgeries performed worldwide. This procedure, which aims to increase the size, change the shape, or modify the texture of the breasts, often provides individuals with increased self-confidence and satisfaction with their body image. However, […]The epidemiological literature examining the possible association between silicone breast implants and breast cancer or rheumatological conditions or diseases is far greater today than it was when, in early 1992, FDA determined that the data were not adequate for the assessment of their safety.Leaking silicone breast implants can cause health problems as well. ... Helling R, et al. (2012). Characterisation and migration properties of silicone materials during typical long-term ...Oct 28, 2021 · Post-approval Study Updates: IDEAL IMPLANT Structured Saline Breast Implants, Sientra OPUS Silicone Gel Breast Implants, Mentor MemoryGel Silicone Gel-Filled and MemoryShape Breast Implants ... This means that while he is still making the nose smaller, he is reinforcing the structure of the nose to ensure long-lasting, excellent results. An aging rhinoplasty is an important consideration for anyone thinking about having a nose job. The initial results you get are only the first step. How your nose looks after years and decades is ...The health risks of breast implants. The team found that women with silicone implants had a higher risk of experiencing rare adverse outcomes, including sclerodermia, rheumatoid arthritis, and Sjogren’s syndrome. The risk of developing these conditions was around six to eight times higher than in the rest of the population, moreover, silicone ...Oct 27, 2017 · The reality is that breast implants are not considered to be "lifetime devices," but they are designed to be long lasting and safe. Patients can expect today's implants—the products of decades of research into stronger shells and more stable fillers—to last more than a decade, with the chance of rupture increasing about one percent each year. Contraceptive implants are a long-term birth control method. They're also called long-acting reversible contraception, or LARC. A contraceptive implant is a flexible plastic rod about the size of a matchstick that is placed under the skin of the upper arm. The implant releases a low, steady dose of the hormone progestin.Breast implants are medical devices implanted under the breast tissue or chest muscle to increase breast size (augmentation) or to replace breast tissue that has been removed due to cancer or ...Its main effects are inhibition of ovulation and thickening of the cervical mucus. Many complications have been associated with subcutaneous contraception, including menstrual disturbances, headache, weight gain, acne, dizziness, mood disturbances, nausea, lower abdominal pain, hair loss, loss of libido, pain at the implant site, neuropathy ...Generally, long-term effects can be divided into physical health concerns and psychological/emotional concerns. For physical health concerns, there is a risk of some long-term health problems with breast implants, such as hardening of the implant, rupture, capsular contracture, wrinkling and changes to the sensation of the breast. Swelling, bruising, and temporary pain may be side effects of breast implant surgery. After surgery, recovery time is needed to help the cut to heal and the body to adjust. Typical side...Oct 5, 2018 · In some cases, the immune system starts attacking the body. This can result in many different symptoms like joint pain, fatigue, mental confusion, dizziness, fever, and hair loss. Some women with breast implants report many different symptoms that do not fit with the diagnosis of one specific disease. Over time, some women develop a pattern of ... However, for the long-term success of dental implantation, sustainable long-term performance after bone remodeling is crucial (Tolstunov, 2006). Osseointegration is critical for implant stability and is achieved within 3–6 months after implantation surgery by the turnover activity of the bone (Lin et al., 2009).Migration can lead to several complications, including fistulas, adhesions, abscesses and bowel obstruction. It can also cause infections. Symptoms of hernia mesh migration include pain, nausea, fever, chills, vomiting, swelling, redness, skin irritation, fluid buildup and weight loss.According to 2016 statistics from the American Society of Plastic Surgeons, the average butt implant surgeon’s fee was $4,860. The national average for augmentation with grafting was slightly ...Titanium is a commonly used inert bio-implant material within the medical and dental fields. Although the use of titanium is thought to be safe with a high success rate, in some cases, there are rare reports of problems caused by titanium. In most of these problematic reports, only individual reports are dominant and comprehensive reporting has ...Medical implants are devices or tissues that are placed inside or on the surface of the body. Many implants are prosthetics, intended to replace missing body parts. Other implants deliver ...Despite the possibility of contracture, some plastic surgeons still put the implant just beneath the skin or breast or glands in 32% of augmentation implants, probably because the procedure can have a better cosmetic effect and cause less long-term pain than the submuscular procedure.References and Proceedings. Home Begell Digital Portal Journals Journal of Long-Term Effects of Medical Implants. Journal of Long-Term Effects of Medical Implants. Editor-in-Chief: Subrata Saha. ISSN Print: 1050-6934. ISSN Online: 1940-4379. SJR: 0.184 SNIP: 0.485 CiteScore™:: 1.1 H-Index: 39.Contraceptive implants are a long-term birth control method. They're also called long-acting reversible contraception, or LARC. A contraceptive implant is a flexible plastic rod about the size of a matchstick that is placed under the skin of the upper arm. The implant releases a low, steady dose of the hormone progestin.Generally, long-term effects can be divided into physical health concerns and psychological/emotional concerns. For physical health concerns, there is a risk of some long-term health problems with breast implants, such as hardening of the implant, rupture, capsular contracture, wrinkling and changes to the sensation of the breast. The FDA has recently completed a study on the health effects of ruptured silicone gel breast implants. The study was published in the May 2001 Journal of Rheumatology. Leaking silicone breast implants can cause health problems as well. ... Helling R, et al. (2012). Characterisation and migration properties of silicone materials during typical long-term ...A post approval study on about 100,000 women who had breast implants has shown the long term effects of the procedure. The two most popular breast implants are the silicon gel and saline solution. The siliconeRedness. Changes in breast or nipple sensation. Implant rupture or leak. Infection. Scarring. Some side effects can last well beyond the healing process. For example, long-term risks of breast implants include: Rupture or deflation: Both saline and silicone gel implants can undergo rupture and deflation. This occurs when a puncture appears in ...Nov 5, 2018 · INTRODUCTION. Since the temporary tissue expander was introduced by Radovan 1 in 1982, two-stage prosthetic breast reconstruction comprising initial insertion of a tissue expander followed by exchange to an implant after a period of inflation has become a well-established option of breast reconstruction either immediately after mastectomy or later. 2 Most of the current literature concentrates ... Radiation therapy Enlarge image. Radiation therapy for breast cancer uses high-energy X-rays, protons or other particles to kill cancer cells. Rapidly growing cells, such as cancer cells, are more susceptible to the effects of radiation therapy than are normal cells. The X-rays or particles are painless and invisible.While breast implants are generally safe for most women, there are potential long-term effects that you should know of before deciding to undergo surgery. This blog will explore why you may be considering breast augmentation, the different types of implants available, and the important long-term effects of breast implants.Feb 14, 2017 · As of January 2017, two lawsuits had been filed in California state and federal courts on behalf of MemoryGel recipients who allegedly suffered serious complications due to leaking breast implants, including: Hives, itching and skin rashes. Severe fatigue. Pain in breasts, chest, lymph nodes and/or ribs. Swollen lymph nodes.

Other surgical side effects include infection around the implant, swelling and excessive bleeding. Other saline breast implant side effects include under or oversensitive nipples and often the nipples may feel completely numb. The implants also have the potential to break or to leak. Ruptures have occurred although these are typically the .... Crab it while itpercent27s hot

A post approval study on about 100,000 women who had breast implants has shown the long term effects of the procedure. The two most popular breast implants are the silicon gel and saline solution.Biodegradable implants and the possible short-term and long-term foreign body reactions are reviewed in the following sections. FIGURE 1. Biodegradable orthopedic implants. (A) Screws, plates, rods and tacks, commonly utilized for fracture fixation and meniscal repair (reprinted from Ciccone et al. 2001 28 ). Jul 31, 2023 · Weakness on 1 side of the body, trouble speaking or thinking, change in balance, drooping on one side of the face, or blurred eyesight. Depression or other mood changes. Eyesight changes or loss, bulging eyes, or change in how contact lenses feel. A lump in the breast, breast pain or soreness, or nipple discharge. Flu -like signs. Biodegradable implants and the possible short-term and long-term foreign body reactions are reviewed in the following sections. FIGURE 1. Biodegradable orthopedic implants. (A) Screws, plates, rods and tacks, commonly utilized for fracture fixation and meniscal repair (reprinted from Ciccone et al. 2001 28 ).This means that while he is still making the nose smaller, he is reinforcing the structure of the nose to ensure long-lasting, excellent results. An aging rhinoplasty is an important consideration for anyone thinking about having a nose job. The initial results you get are only the first step. How your nose looks after years and decades is ...In this article, we look at the short-term and long-term side effects and risks of hormonal birth control. Health Conditions. ... The implant protects from pregnancy for up to 4 years.The health risks of breast implants. The team found that women with silicone implants had a higher risk of experiencing rare adverse outcomes, including sclerodermia, rheumatoid arthritis, and Sjogren’s syndrome. The risk of developing these conditions was around six to eight times higher than in the rest of the population, moreover, silicone ...Biodegradable implants and the possible short-term and long-term foreign body reactions are reviewed in the following sections. FIGURE 1. Biodegradable orthopedic implants. (A) Screws, plates, rods and tacks, commonly utilized for fracture fixation and meniscal repair (reprinted from Ciccone et al. 2001 28 ). The FDA has recently completed a study on the health effects of ruptured silicone gel breast implants. The study was published in the May 2001 Journal of Rheumatology. May 25, 2023 · This process is called osseointegration, and it is crucial to the long-term success of the implant. This process can take many months. ... Side effects of dental metal implants: Impact on human ... Aug 31, 2023 · In 1987, the ASPS said the side effects could make it harder to screen for breast cancer. Side effects of autologous augmentation can include: Dense or hard lumps. Oil cysts, which are growths filled with liquid fat. Calcifications, which are bone-like specks. Infection. Mar 24, 2023 · Contraceptive implants are a long-term birth control method. They're also called long-acting reversible contraception, or LARC. A contraceptive implant is a flexible plastic rod about the size of a matchstick that is placed under the skin of the upper arm. The implant releases a low, steady dose of the hormone progestin. In summary, contrary to long-standing precepts that are largely based on the equivalence of the weight and volume of conventional silicone and saline breast implants, the breast implant's weight, rather than its volume, is the cause of many postoperative complications and side effects. Long-term stability of the augmented breast directly ...Results: Major complications occurred following cochlear implantation in 32 patients (8.7%) who had received their initial implant at TMU Hospital. Revision surgery was required for 30 patients. The mean age at implantation was 33 years 6 months (range, 1 year 9 months to 83 years; median, 37 years). The main etiology of deafness was unknown or ...Breast Implants: Expectations vs. Reality. Breast augmentation-- breast implant surgery -- is the top cosmetic surgery performed today, according to the American Society of Plastic Surgeons. A ....

Popular Topics